Work (including Occupational Devotion)

Adler, P.A., & Adler, P. (1999). Resort workers: Adaptations in the leisure-work nexus. Sociological Perspectives, 42(3), 369-402.

Aguirre-Cardona, L. A., Rubio-Florido, I., & Puerto-Rodríguez, E. A. (2021). Leisure, work and simultaneous study in distance and virtual students/ Ocio, trabajo y estudio simultáneo de estudiantes en modalidad a distancia y virtual. Retos, 42, 375-383.
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Anderson, L. (2011). Time is of the essence: An analytic autoethnography of family, work, and serious leisure. Symbolic Interaction, 34, 133-157.

Anderson, P. E., & Orchiston, W. (2022). John Beebe and the development of astronomy in Queensland, Australia. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 25(3), 481-502, DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2022.03.05.

Ashton, D. (2011). Playstations and workstations: Identifying and negotiating digital games work. Information Technology & People, 24(1), 10-25. doi: 10.1108/09593841111109396

Bachórz, A. (2023). “She quit her corporate job and took up... cooking.” Professional food work, unobvious career shifts and the search for an alternative relationship with the world. Studia Socjologiczne,1(248), 59–86, DOI: 10.24425/sts.2023.144834. (In Polish with English abstract)
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Beatty, J. E., & Tolbert, W. R. (2003). The false duality of work and leisure. Journal of Management Policy, 12(3), 239-252.

Behr, A. (2010). Group identity: Bands, rock and popular music. PhD dissertation, Department of Film, Media and Journalism, University of Stirling, UK.

Bellenger, M. C. (2017). Prendre au « sérieux » les loisirs de prédation : Chasse, pêche, cueillette et naturalisme dans l’estuaire de la Seine. Doctoral thesis, Département de sociologie,  Université de Rouen Normandie, France.

Bendassolli, P. F., & Wood, T. (2012). Careers boundaries in the arts in Brazil: An exploratory study. The Qualitative Report,17(43), 1-27. Retrieved from https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol17/iss43/1.

Bunea, E., Kark, R., & Hammond, M. (2022). “Leisureship”: Impact of pursuing serious leisure on leaders' performance. Human Resource Management Review, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100950.

Carnicelli-Filho, S. (2010). Rafting guides: Leisure, work and lifestyle. Annals of Leisure Research, 13, 282-297.

Castilho, C. T., & Gomes, C. L. (2017). Work-leisure relation and attitude before the contemporary environmental issues: challenges for the professional performance with ecotourism. Revista Turismo em Análise, 28(1), 19-38, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.116068. (in Portuguese with English abstract).

Chevalier, V., Le Manq, F., & Simonet, M. (2011). Amateurs, bénévoles et professionnelles: Analyse des carrières et usages des statuts. In A. Degenne, C. Marry, & S. Moulin (Eds.), Les catégories sociales et leurs frontières (pp. 147-164). Québec, QC: Les Presses de l’Université Laval.

Cova, B., & Guercini, S. (2023). Tribal entrepreneurs:  Caught in the crossfire of the tribal and market logics? Consumption Markets & Culture, online edition, DOI: 10.1080/10253866.2023.2252751.
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Craig. A. (2006). The practice of poetry: Identity, community and subculture. PhD dissertation, Department of Sociology, New York University, USA.

Craig, A. (2007). Practicing poetry: A career without a job. In C. Calhoun & R. Sennett (Eds.), Practicing culture (taking culture seriously), pp. 35-56. New York: Routledge.

de Jonge, E. (2019). Developing an ideal-typical approach to social work as a profession. Journal of Social Intervention: Theory and Practice, 28(1), 3, DOI: 10.18352/jsi.580.

de Jonge van Ellemeet, I. M. (2020). Conservations with conservationists: A narrative exploration on the impact of conservation volunteering on careers. Masters Thesis, Lund University, Sweden.
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De Martino, M., Alonzi, R., Isidori, E. (2023). Pedagogy of work in postmodern society: Between job insecurity and digital revolution. RUDN Journal of Philosophy, 27(1), 94-107. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2023-27-1-94-107.

de Solier. I. (2010). Liquid nitrogen pistachios: Molecular gastronomy, elBulli and foodies. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 13, 155-170.

Delle Fave, A., & Massimini, F. (2003). Optimal experience in work and leisure among teachers and physicians: Individual and bio-cultural implications. Leisure Studies 22, 323-342.

Dieser, R. B. (2023). The serious leisure-devotee work nexus of Viktor and Elly Frankl. International Forum for Logotherapy, 47(1), 53-61.

Dowthwaite, L., & Sprinks, J. (2019). Citizen science and the professional-amateur divide: Lessons from differing online practices. Journal of Science Communication, 18(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.22323/2.18010206.

Egili Çankaya, G. Z., & Aktaş, G. (2023). Küresel bisiklet ekosisteminde dijital dönüşüm: Uygulamalar ve beklentiler. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 7(2), 117-128. http://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.1392150, in Turkish with English abstract.

Ekins, R. (2011). The rediscovery and resurrection of Bunk Johnson -- a grounded theory approach: A case study in jazz historiography. Grounded Theory Review, 10(3), 27-54.

Elhanati, M. (2019). Critical theory and the digital culture-industry: Audience-work, serious leisure, and recognition. In Bittlingmayer, U., et al. (Eds.), Handbuch Kritische Theorie. Heidelberg: Springer, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-12707-7_68-1.

Farkas, J., & Barcsi, T. (2023). Leisure in pain: A logotherapeutic view. International Forum for Logotherapy, 47(1), 62-80.

Guercini, S., & Cova, B. (2018). Unconventional entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Research, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.06.021.

Hallmann, K., Bogner, L., Sander, K. et al. (2022). Sport for a livelihood and well-being: From leisure activity to occupational devotion. International Journal of Sociology of Leisure, 5(1), 55–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-021-00091-6.

Hamilton-Smith, E. (1992). Work, leisure and optimal experience. Leisure Studies, 11(3): 225-238.

Henderson, S., & Spracklen, K. (2014). From serious leisure to serious work, or, when folk music struck a chord: Habermasian rationality and agency. Leisure/Loisir, 38, 207-224.

Hirst, S. P., & LeNavenec, C-L. (2022). The intertwining of occupational devotion, serious leisure, and lifelong learning: Creating a peer-reviewed student journal. International Journal of Sociology of Leisure, 5(1), 79–92. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-021-00096-1.

Hummel, M. J. (2007). Three American Artists at Midlife: Negotiating the Space between Amateur and Professional Status. Doctoral dissertation, Department of American Studies, University of Maryland (USA).

​Hutzell, R. R. (2023). Focus editing: Serious leisure and values actualization. International Forum for Logotherapy, 47(1), 47-51.

​Jourdain A., & Naulin S. (2020). Making money out of leisure: The marketization of handicrafts and food blogging. In Naulin S., & Jourdain A. (Eds.), The social meaning of extra money. Dynamics of virtual work (pp. 61-95). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18297-7_3.

Kelly, C.M., Strauss, K, Arnold, J., & Stride, C. (2020). The relationship between leisure activities and psychological resources that support a sustainable career: The role of leisure seriousness and work-leisure similarity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103340.

Kim, P.H., Longest, P.H., & Lippmann, S. (2015). The tortoise versus the hare: Progress and business viability differences between conventional and leisure-based founders. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(2), 185-204. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.02.005.

Kim, Y.-J., & Kang, S.-W. (2021). An analysis of the relationship between the modified theory of planned behavior and leisure rumination of Korean employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph18010320.

Kleiber, D. A., & Damali, B. A. (2016). Leisure in the third age: Finding new value in a changing world. In D. A. Kleiber & F. A. McGuire (Eds.), Leisure in the third age: Finding new value in a changing world (pp. 273-293). Sagamore: Champaign, IL.

​Komyathy, B. (2023). Frederick W. Taylor and the congruence of active leisure & work. World Leisure Journal, 65(1), 28-44, DOI: 10.1080/16078055.2022.2125573 .

Kou, Y., & Gray, C M. (2018). What do you recommend a complete beginner like me to practice?: Professional self-disclosure in an online community. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2(CSCW, Article 94), November 2018. https://doi.org/10.1145/3274363.

​Kujanpää, M., & Olafsen, A. H. (2024). Take action, recover well? The role of daily proactive recovery strategies for recovery, stress, affect, and next-day performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, DOI: 10.1007/s10869-024-09978-z.

Kuusi, T., & Haukola, P. (2017). Double life. Music as work and serious leisure. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 6(3), 18-32.

Kwapisz, A. (2021). Team aspects of leisure-based entrepreneurship. Leisure Studies, 40(4), 529-544, DOI: 10.1080/02614367.2020.1858328.

Lewis, P., & Kimiecik, J. (2018). Embracing the mystery box: How outdoor leaders discover and sustain their way of life. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 10(3), 304–322. 

Lim, R. (2020). Monetizing serious leisure: A grounded study of fashion blogshops. Journal of Leisure Research, 51(1), 88-106, DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2019.1633234.  
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Liu, H., Huang, Y., Gao, M., & Stebbins, R. (2022). From serious leisure to devotee work: An exploratory study of yoga. Leisure Studies, 41(3), 405-419, DOI: 10.1080/02614367.2021.1980087.

Lobo, F. (1999). The leisure and work occupations of young people: A review, Journal of Occupational Science, 6(1), 27-33.

Lobo, F., & Watkins, G. (1995). Mature-aged unemployment and leisure. World Leisure & Recreation, 36 (4), 22-28.

Løseth, K. (2017).  Knowledge development in adventure tourism businesses – the influence of serious leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, published online at:  https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2017.1406808

Lozano, L. (2021). Les amateurs dans le spectacle vivant : Défi juridique et enjeux sociaux. Doctoral thesis, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Département de Breton & Celtique, France.

Malm, T., & Lundin, A. N. (2024). Robbed or released by the pandemic? The dynamics of integrating and situating musician identity learning. Vocations and Learning, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-024-09346-1
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Martin, M.W. (2010). Balancing work and leisure. In M.R. Haney & A.D. Kline (Eds.), The value of time and leisure in a world of work (pp. 7-24). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

Martinus, K. (2021). Informal groups, disruptive innovations, and industry change in low‐tech peripheries. Geographical Research,  https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12515.

McKay, T., Coumbias, M., & Kotze, N. (2021). Leisure cycling entrepreneurialism in Johannesburg, South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality Tourism and Leisure, 10(5),1533-1548, DOI: 10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.177.

McQuarrie, F. A. E. (1999). An investigation of the effects of workplace support for serious leisure. Proceedings of the 9th Canadian Congress on Leisure Research. Wolfville, NS: Acadia University.

McQuarrie, F. A. E. (2000). Work careers and serious leisure: The effects of nonwork commitment on career commitment. Leisure/Loisir, 24, 115-138.

McQuarrie, F. A. E. (2008). Canadian employers' support for employees' leisure commitments: An exploratory study. Leisure/Loisir, 32, 629-648.

McQuarrie, F. A. E., & Jackson, E. L. (2002). Transitions in leisure careers and their parallels in work careers: The effect of constraints on choice and action. Journal of Career Development, 29, 37-53.

Mcuarrie, F. A. E. (2008). Canadian employers' support for employees' leisure commitments: An exploratory study. Leisure/Loisir, 32, 629-648.

Mellor, B. E. (2006). Radical shift: A grounded theory approach to midlife career change of professionals. Masters Thesis, Department of Sociology, University of Calgary.

Meyer, M. (2008). On the boundaries and partial connections between amateurs and professionals. Museum and Society, 6(1), 38-53.

Meyer, M. (2010). Caring for weak ties -- The natural history museum as a place of encounter between amateur and professional science. Sociological Research Online, 15 (2), 9.

Moncunill-Piñas, M. (2020). The practice of everyday museum making: Naturalization and empowerment in the amateur consumption of museographic language. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 23(3), 415–433.

Morgan, A., Langford, S., & Vassallo, T. (2022). Fulfilling careers in the sail training sector: Charting a course for professionals and volunteers – it’s not about the boat! International Journal of Sociology of Leisure, 5(1), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-021-00085-4.

Mulvaney, M. A. (2019).  A study of public park and recreation professionals’ career bridge employment intentions. Public Organization Review. https://doi-10.1007/s11115-019-00454-4.

Naulin, S., & Jourdain, A. (2021). Making money out of leisure: The marketization of handicrafts and food blogging. In S. Naulin & A. Jourdain (Eds.), The social meaning of extra money, dynamics of virtual work (pp. 61-95). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18297-7_3.

​Ngai, S. S.‐Y., Cheung, C.‐K., Ng, Y.‐H., Lee, B. J., Dupéré, V., Wang, M., Chen, C., Li, Y., Zhou, Q., Wong, L.‐M., & Zhang, X. (2024). Pathways from school to work: A sequence analysis of non‐engaged youth. Journal of Adolescence, 96(1655–1672), https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.123721672.

Nimmi, P. M., & Donald, W. E. (2022). Modelling the interaction between serious leisure, self-perceived employability, stress, and workplace well-­being: Insights from graduates in India. Personnel Review, 52(1), 272-287.

Pagliarin, S. (2013). Working entertainment: The knowledge, emotional and physical labour performed by entertainment workers in the Italian tourist industry. In F.M. Lo Verde, I. Modi, & G. Cappello (Eds.), Mapping leisure across borders (pp. 252-270). Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Pagliarin, S. (2016). Working leisure: Entertaining guests in gated tourist resorts. Leisure Studies (online edition, 28 November).

Patterson, I. (1997). Serious leisure as an alternative to a work career for people with disabilities. Australian Disability Review, 2, 20-27.

Perry, R., & Carnegie, E. (2013). Reading pro-am theatre through a serious leisure lens: Organisational and policy-making implications. Leisure Studies, 32, 383-398.

Poole, A., & Bunnell, T. (2020). Developing the notion of teaching in ‘International Schools’ as precarious: Towards a more nuanced approach based upon ‘transition capital.’ Globalisation. Societies and Education, DOI: 10.1080/14767724.2020.1816924.

Prevos, P. (2013). Perspectives on magic: Scientific views on theatrical magic. Kangaroo Flat, Australia. Third Hemisphere Publishing.

​Rainoldi, M., Ladkin, A., & Buhalis, D. (2024). Blending work and leisure: A future digital worker hybrid lifestyle perspective.  Annals of Leisure Research, 27(2), 215-235, DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2022.2070513.

Rawat, K. (2021). The role of emotions in the experiences of commercial high-altitude mountaineering guides who have guided above the death-zone. PhD dissertation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Reid, D. G. (1995). Work and leisure in the 21st century: From production to citizenship. Toronto, ON: Wall & Emerson.

Russell, Z., Punch, S., & McIntosh, I. (2022). Blurring the boundaries between leisure and work: Professionals as devotees in the mind-sport bridge. International Journal of Sociology of Leisure, 5(1), 13–32, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-021-00099-y

Salaméro, E., & Haschar-Noé, N. (2012). De l'institutionnalisation d'une forme culturelle à la structuration de l'espace de formation professionnelle: Le cas du cirque en France. Canadian Review of Sociology, 49(2), 151-172.

Santos, T. B. S., Vico, R. P., & Uvinha, R. R. (2019). ¿Ocio o trabajo? La actuación de músicos bajo el prisma del ocio serio. Revista Subjetividades, 19(2),  10/08/2019. https://doi.org/10.5020/23590777.rs.v19i2.e9150.

​Schulte-Holthaus, S. (2023). From passion to performance: Entrepreneurial passion in the creative industries. Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Germany, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12786.27841.

​Schüttengruber, V., & Freund, A. M. (2022). The role of subjective expectations for exhaustion and recovery: The sample case of work and leisure. Perspectives on Psychological Science:174569162211345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221134529.

Schüttengruber, V., & Freund, A. M. (2022). The role of subjective expectations for exhaustion and recovery: The sample case of work and leisure. Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich, University Library, ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-227545.

Smith, W. E., Kyle, G. T., & Sutton, S. (2021). Displacement and associated substitution behavior among Texas inshore fishing guides due to perceived spotted seatrout declines. Marine Policy, 131, 104624, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104624.

​Sritanyarat, D., Tehmarn, A., Thongteera, W., Marin, T., & McLean, G. N. (2023). Serious Leisure as human resource development intervention. Human Resource Development Review, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/15344843231184746.
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Stalp, M. C. & Conti, R. (2011). Serious leisure in the home: Professional quilters negotiate family space. Gender, Work and Organization, 18, 399-414.

Stebbins, R. A. (1982). Amateur and professional astronomers: A study of their interrelationships. Urban Life, 10, 433-454.

Stebbins, R. A. (1990). The laugh-makers: Stand-up comedy as art, business, and life-style. Montréal, QC and Kingston, ON: McGill-Queen's University Press.

Stebbins, R. A. (1992). Amateurs, professionals, and serious leisure. Montreal, QC and Kingston, ON: McGill-Queen's University Press.

Stebbins, R. A. (1993). Career, culture and social psychology in a variety art: The magician (reprinted ed.). Malabar, FL: Krieger.

Stebbins, R. A. (1993). Canadian football. A view from the helmet. (reprinted ed.). Toronto, ON: Canadian Scholars Press.

Stebbins, R. A. (2000). The extraprofessional life: Leisure, retirement, and unemployment. Current Sociology, 48, 1-27.

Stebbins, R. A. (2004). Between work and leisure: The common ground of two separate worlds. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

Stebbins, R. A. (2009). Serious leisure and work. Sociology Compass, 3(5), 764–774, 10.1111/j.1751-9020.2009.00233.x.

Stebbins, R.A. (2014). Quando o trabalho é essencialmente lazer [When work is essentially leisure]. Revista Brasileira de Estudos do Lazer, 1(1), 42-56.

Stebbins, R.A. (2014). Careers in serious leisure: From dabbler to devotee in search of fulfillment. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

R. A. Stebbins (2017). Leisure music production: Its spaces and places. In R. Mantie & G. D. Smith (Eds.), Oxford handbook of music making and leisure, pp. 347-362. New York: Oxford University Press.​

Stebbins, R. A. (2017). From humility to hubris among scholars and politicians: Exploring expressions of self-esteem and achievement. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group.

Stebbins, R. A. (2019). Democracy’s politicians: An occupation like no other. Society, 56(5), 461-462, DOI 10.1007/s12115-019-00399-w.

Stebbins, R. A. (2020). Fashion modeling: A dramaturgical analysis of an amateur-professional art. Leisure Reflections, no 53, Leisure Studies Association Blog & Newsletter, March.

Stebbins, R.A. (2022). Foreword. International Journal of Sociology of Leisure, 5(1), 9–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-022-00103-z.

Stebbins, R. A. (2022). Occupational devotion: Finding fun and fulfilment at work. London: Anthem Press.

Stebbins, R. A. (2024). How to identify the professional counterpart of an amateur activity. Leisure Studies Association Newsletter (Blog), Leisure Reflections No. 65, March 2024.

Stuart, S. (2022). Ageing well? Older adults’ stories of life transitions and serious leisure. International Journal of Sociology of Leisure, 5(1), 93–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-021-00100-8.

Taylor, B. (1995). Amateurs, professionals, and the knowledge of archaeology. British Journal of Sociology, 46, 499-508.

Taylor, J., & Kay, S. (2015). The construction of identities in narratives about serious leisure occupations. Journal of Occupational Science, 22, 260–276.

Thompson, B. Y. (2019). The digital nomad lifestyle: (Remote) work/leisure balance, privilege, and constructed community. International Journal of Sociology of Leisure, 2(1-2): 27-42. https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca/10.1007/s41978-018-00030-y.

Tong, B. (2024). Community building through place-making activities: Older landscapers in a Singaporean residential town. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-024-09499-5.

Üstün, Ü. D., Ekinci, N, E., Suner, A., & Aydemir, B.  (2020). An examination of the workplace and out of workplace leisure behaviors of academic staff. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(4), Special Issue, 195-202.

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Watson, P., Morgan, M., & Hemmington, N. (2008). Drama in the dining room: Theatrical perspectives on the foodservice encounter. Journal of Foodservice, 19(2), 111–118.

Weidner, L. (2024). Gambling as work: A study of German poker players. Journal of Gambling Studies, 40, 1653–1678, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-023-10277-0.

Weifei, L., Shi, S., & Yuan, L. (2022). Study on the role and internal mechanism of corporate leisure welfare in alleviating employee burnout. Journal of Leisure Research, 53(5), 705-727, DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2021.1999781.
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Williams, C.C., Nadin, S., & Rodgers, P. (2012). Evaluating competing theories of informal entrepreneurship: Some lessons from Ukraine. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 18(5), 528-543. 

​Wilson, E. R. (2022). Privileging passion: How the cultural logic of work perpetuates social inequality in the craft beer industry. Socius, 8, DOI: 10.1177/23780231221121064.

Wong, V. (2021). Youth transition to work in an age of uncertainty and insecurity: Towards an expanded notion of work for insight and innovation. Journal of Applied Youth Studies, 1(3), 24-40.

Wright, R. K. (2021). ‘If you build it…’: exploring occupational devotion within an academic field of dreams. Annals of Leisure Research, 24(5), 586-601, DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2020.1778495.

Wright, R. K., & Mitchell, R. (2022). Editorial: Occupational Devotion and Lifestyle Entrepreneurship: Doing what we love, loving what we do! International Journal of Sociology of Leisure, 5(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-022-00104-y.

​Wright, R. K., & Wiersma, C. (2019). ‘It pays to play’: The emergence of innovative planning, occupational devotion, and lifestyle entrepreneurship in Aotearoa/New Zealand. In Ratten, V. (Ed.), Social entrepreneurship and public policy (pp.-23-39). New York: Springer.
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Wright, R. K., Wiersma, C., & Ajiee, R. O. (2021). “Labour of love”: Active lifestyle entrepreneurship (occupational devotion) during a time of COVID-19. Front. Sports Act. Living, 3(April), https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.624457.

​Yang, Y. (2020). Photography and social life: An ethnography of Chinese amateur photography. Online PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University College, London.

Yang, Y. (2021). Smartphone photography and its socio-economic life in China: An ethnographic analysis. Global Media and China, 20, 1-22, DOI: 10.1177/20594364211005058.

Zhou, L., Chlebosz, K., Tower, J., & Morris, T. (2020). An exploratory study of motives for participation in extreme sports and physical activity. Journal of Leisure Research, 51(1), 56-76, DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2019.1627175.